The Presocratic Reader

Hecataeus of Abdera

DK 73

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Available translations: English

de his privatim condidit volumen Amometus, sicut H. de Hyperboreis.

septentrionalis oceanus: Amalchium eum H. appellat a Parapaniso amne qua Scythiam adluit, quod nomen eius gentis lingua significat ‘congelatum’.

Amometus has written a work entirely devoted to the history of these people, just as Hecatæus has done in his treatise on the Hyperborei.

With reference to the Septentrional or Northern Ocean; Hecatæus calls it, after we have passed the mouth of the river Parapanisus, where it washes the Scythian shores, the Amalchian sea, the word ‘Amalchian’ signifying in the language of these races, frozen.

John Bostock and H. T. Riley · The Natural History of Pliny, vols. I–II (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1855), IV.27 (94), pp. 341–342, and VI.20 (55), p. 37
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Original-text edition
Original text from the linked source, with the quotation boundaries recorded in the notes
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Notes & source

Both Pliny witnesses are translated, in the order used by DK. Volume II supplies the first; volume I supplies the second

Footnote callouts and an intervening page marker are removed. The source’s explanatory German and its Greek lexical comparison are editorial apparatus, retained in the dossier rather than passed off as ancient text

“These people” refers to the Attacori in Pliny’s preceding context. The original is Latin

Original text from the linked source, with the quotation boundaries recorded in the notes View original source ↗

English: John Bostock and H. T. Riley · The Natural History of Pliny, vols. I–II (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1855), IV.27 (94), pp. 341–342, and VI.20 (55), p. 37 Published translation ↗

Source pages: 1 · 2

Additional original-language witness

PLIN. n. h. VI 55 de his [näml. Attacori] privatim condidit volumen Amometus, sicut H. de Hyperboreis. IV 94 septentrionalis oceanus: Amalchium eum H. appellat a Parapaniso amne qua Scythiam adluit, quod nomen eius gentis lingua significat ‘congelatum’ [= μάλκιος].

Witness source ↗

English translation: Public domain (identified historical translation; edition and contributor evidence reviewed for Romania/EU and US)

Available translations & credits
  • English · John Bostock and H. T. Riley. The Natural History of Pliny, vols. I–II (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1855), IV.27 (94), pp. 341–342, and VI.20 (55), p. 37. Default reading. Published translation ↗ Paired original ↗

    Source pages: 1 · 2

    Translation: Public domain (identified historical translation; edition and contributor evidence reviewed for Romania/EU and US)

Available translations: French

τῶν γὰρ τὰς παλαιὰς μυθολογίας ἀναγεγραφότων Ἑ. καί τινες ἕτεροί φασιν ἐν τοῖς ἀντιπέρας τῆς Κελτικῆς τόποις κατὰ τὸν ὠκεανὸν εἶναι νῆσον οὐκ ἐλάττω τῆς Σικελίας. ταύτην ὑπάρχειν μὲν κατὰ τὰς ἄρκτους, κατοικεῖσθαι δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ὀνομαζομένων Ὑπερβορέων ἀπὸ τοῦ πορρωτέρω κεῖσθαι τῆς βορείου πνοῆς· οὖσαν δ’ αὐτὴν εὔγειόν τε καὶ πάμφορον, ἔτι δ’ εὐκρασίαι διαφέρουσαν, διττοὺς κατ’ ἔτος ἐκφέρειν καρπούς. […]

(5) φασὶ δὲ καὶ τὴν σελήνην ἐκ ταύτης τῆς νήσου φαίνεσθαι παντελῶς ὀλίγον ἀπέχουσαν τῆς γῆς καί τινας ἐξοχὰς γεώδεις ἔχουσαν ἐν αὐτῇ φανεράς.

(6) λέγεται δὲ καὶ τὸν θεὸν δι’ ἐτῶν ῑθ̄ καταντᾶν εἰς τὴν νῆσον, ἐν οἷς αἱ τῶν ἄστρων ἀποκαταστάσεις ἐπὶ τέλος ἄγονται· καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τὸν ἐννεακαιδεκαετῆ χρόνον ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων μέγαν ἐνιαυτὸν ὀνομάζεσθαι.

(7) κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν ταύτην τὸν θεὸν κιθαρίζειν τε καὶ χορεύειν συνεχῶς τὰς νύκτας ἀπὸ ἰσημερίας ἐαρινῆς ἕως πλειάδος ἀνατολῆς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἰδίοις εὐημερήμασι τερπόμενον. βασιλεύειν δὲ τῆς πόλεως ταύτης καὶ τοῦ τεμένους ἐπάρχειν τοὺς ὀνομαζομένους Βορεάδας ἀπογόνους ὄντας Βορέου καὶ κατὰ γένος ἀεὶ διαδέχεσθαι τὰς ἀρχάς.

Parmi les historiens qui ont consigné dans leurs annales les traditions de l’antiquité, Hécatée et quelques autres prétendent qu’il y a au delà de la Celtique, dans l’Océan, une île qui n’est pas moins grande que la Sicile. Cette île, située au nord, est, disent-ils, habitée par les Hyperboréens, ainsi nommés parce qu’ils vivent au delà du point d’où souffle Borée. Le sol de cette île est excellent, et si remarquable par sa fertilité qu’il produit deux récoltes par an.
[…]
On ajoute encore que la lune, vue de cette île, paraît être à une très-petite distance de la terre, et qu’on y observe distinctement des soulèvements de terrain. Apollon passe pour descendre dans cette île tous les dix-neuf ans. C’est aussi à la fin de cette période que les astres sont, après leur révolution, revenus à leur point de départ. Cette période de dix-neuf ans est désignée par les Grecs sous le nom de Grande année. On voit ce dieu, pendant son apparition, danser toutes les nuits en s’accompagnant de la cithare, depuis l’équinoxe du printemps jusqu’au lever des Pléiades, comme pour se réjouir des honneurs qu’on lui rend. Le gouvernement de cette ville et la garde du temple sont confiés à des rois appelés Boréades, les descendants et les successeurs de Borée.

French · Ferdinand Hoefer (1811–1878) · Diodore de Sicile, Bibliothèque historique, traduction Ferdinand Hoefer, Charpentier, 1846, tome I, pp. 163–164
How this fragment survives

These are source citations recorded for this reading or its linked historical source unit. They do not describe the complete manuscript transmission. A supporting record may include a longer passage or a different editorial text.

Original-text edition
Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker (1922). Digital text: Open Greek and Latin, First1KGreek
Open the historical edition ↗

Notes & source

The witness includes quotation context. References within the original source text retain Diels’s 1922 numbering unless otherwise identified

The source edition abbreviates sections 2–4 instead of printing them; their full text is not reconstructed here

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker (1922). Digital text: Open Greek and Latin, First1KGreek View original source ↗

Additional original-language witness

DIODOR. II 47, 1 ff. τῶν γὰρ τὰς παλαιὰς μυθολογίας ἀναγεγραφότων Ἑ. καί τινες ἕτεροί φασιν ἐν τοῖς ἀντιπέρας τῆς Κελτικῆς τόποις κατὰ τὸν ὠκεανὸν εἶναι νῆσον οὐκ ἐλάττω τῆς Σικελίας. ταύτην ὑπάρχειν μὲν κατὰ τὰς ἄρκτους, κατοικεῖσθαι δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ὀνομαζομένων Ὑπερβορέων ἀπὸ τοῦ πορρωτέρω κεῖσθαι τῆς βορείου πνοῆς· οὖσαν δ’ αὐτὴν εὔγειόν τε καὶ πάμφορον, ἔτι δ’ εὐκρασίαι διαφέρουσαν, διττοὺς κατ’ ἔτος ἐκφέρειν καρπούς. 2-4 Apollocult. Abaris. φασὶ δὲ καὶ τὴν σελήνην ἐκ ταύτης τῆς νήσου φαίνεσθαι παντελῶς ὀλίγον ἀπέχουσαν τῆς γῆς καί τινας ἐξοχὰς γεώδεις ἔχουσαν ἐν αὐτῇ φανεράς. λέγεται δὲ καὶ τὸν θεὸν δι’ ἐτῶν ῑθ̄ καταντᾶν εἰς τὴν νῆσον, ἐν οἷς αἱ τῶν ἄστρων ἀποκαταστάσεις ἐπὶ τέλος ἄγονται· καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τὸν ἐννεακαιδεκαετῆ χρόνον ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων μέγαν ἐνιαυτὸν ὀνομάζεσθαι. κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν ταύτην τὸν θεὸν κιθαρίζειν τε καὶ χορεύειν συνεχῶς τὰς νύκτας ἀπὸ ἰσημερίας ἐαρινῆς ἕως πλειάδος ἀνατολῆς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἰδίοις εὐημερήμασι τερπόμενον. βασιλεύειν δὲ τῆς πόλεως ταύτης καὶ τοῦ τεμένους ἐπάρχειν τοὺς ὀνομαζομένους Βορεάδας ἀπογόνους ὄντας Βορέου καὶ κατὰ γένος ἀεὶ διαδέχεσθαι τὰς ἀρχάς.

Witness source ↗

Diodorus 2.47.1, 5–7. Both separated ancient excerpts in DK are translated; the bracketed ellipsis corresponds to DK’s omission of 2.47.2–4 (Apollo cult and Abaris). Verified against printed scan pages 163–164, PDF pages 198–199. Hoefer compresses the temperate-climate clause into his sentence about fertility. Historical wording retained without modernization

French · Ferdinand Hoefer (1811–1878) · Diodore de Sicile, Bibliothèque historique, traduction Ferdinand Hoefer, Charpentier, 1846, tome I, pp. 163–164 Published translation ↗

Public domain

Available translations & credits
  • French · Ferdinand Hoefer (1811–1878). Diodore de Sicile, Bibliothèque historique, traduction Ferdinand Hoefer, Charpentier, 1846, tome I, pp. 163–164. Default reading. Published translation ↗ Paired original ↗

    Translation: Public domain

Available translations: English · Italian · Spanish

ὃς καὶ ἀναβιώσεσθαι κατὰ τοὺς Μάγους φησὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ ἀθανάτους ἔσεσθαι, καὶ τὰ ὄντα ταῖς αὑτῶν περικυκλήσεσι διαμενεῖν. ταῦτα δὲ καὶ Εὔδημος ὁ Ῥόδιος ἱστορεῖ. Ἑκαταῖος δὲ καὶ γενητοὺς τοὺς θεοὺς εἶναι κατ’ αὐτούς. Κλέαρχος δὲ ὁ Σολεὺς ἐν τῷ Περὶ παιδείας καὶ τοὺς Γυμνοσοφιστὰς ἀπογόνους εἶναι τῶν Μάγων φησίν· ἔνιοι δὲ καὶ τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ἐκ τούτων εἶναι. πρὸς τούτοις καταγινώσκουσιν Ἡροδότου οἱ τὰ περὶ Μάγων γράψαντες· μὴ γὰρ ἂν ἐς τὸν ἥλιον βέλη Ξέρξην ἀκοντίσαι, μηδ’ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν πέδας καθεῖναι, θεοὺς ὑπὸ τῶν Μάγων παραδεδομένους. τὰ μέντοι ἀγάλματα εἰκότως καθαιρεῖν. τὴν δὲ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων φιλοσοφίαν εἶναι τοιαύτην περί τε θεῶν καὶ ὑπὲρ δικαιοσύνης. φάσκειν τε ἀρχὴν μὲν εἶναι τὴν ὕλην, εἶτα τὰ τέσσαρα στοιχεῖα ἐξ αὐτῆς διακριθῆναι, καὶ ζῷα παντοῖα ἀποτελεσθῆναι. θεοὺς δ’ εἶναι ἥλιον καὶ σελήνην, τὸν μὲν Ὄσιριν, τὴν δ’ Ἶσιν καλουμένην· αἰνίττεσθαί τε αὐτοὺς διά τε κανθάρου καὶ δράκοντος καὶ ἱέρακος καὶ ἄλλων, ὥς φησι Μανέθως ἐν τῇ τῶν Φυσικῶν ἐπιτομῇ καὶ Ἑ. ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ Περὶ τῆς Αἰγυπτίων φιλοσοφίας. κατασκευάζειν δὲ 〈καὶ〉 ἀγάλματα καὶ τεμένη τῷ μὴ εἰδέναι τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ μορφήν. τὸν κόσμον γενητὸν καὶ φθαρτὸν καὶ σφαιροειδῆ· τοὺς ἀστέρας πῦρ εἶναι, καὶ τῇ τούτων κράσει τὰ ἐπὶ γῆς γίγνεσθαι· σελήνην ἐκλείπειν εἰς τὸ σκίασμα τῆς γῆς ἐμπίπτουσαν· τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ ἐπιδιαμένειν καὶ μετεμβαίνειν· ὑετοὺς κατὰ ἀέρος τροπὴν ἀποτελεῖσθαι· τά τε ἄλλα φυσιολογεῖν, ὡς Ἑκαταῖός τε καὶ Ἀρισταγόρας ἱστοροῦσιν. ἔθεσαν δὲ καὶ νόμους ὑπὲρ δικαιοσύνης, οὓς εἰς Ἑρμῆν ἀνήνεγκαν· καὶ τὰ εὔχρηστα τῶν ζώιων θεοὺς ἐδόξασαν. λέγουσι δὲ καὶ ὡς αὐτοὶ γεωμετρίαν τε καὶ ἀστρολογίαν καὶ ἀριθμητικὴν ἀνεῦρον. καὶ τὰ μὲν περὶ τῆς εὑρέσεως ὧδε ἔχει.

and this last writer tells us also, that according to the Magi men will have a resurrection and be immortal, and that what exists now will exist hereafter under its own present name; and Eudemus of Rhodes coincides in this statement. But Hecatæus says, that according to their doctrines the gods also are beings who have been born. But Clearchus the Solensian, in his Treatise on Education says, that the Gymnosophists are descendants of the Magi; and some say that the Jews also are derived from them. Moreover, those who have written on the subject of the Magi condemn Herodotus; for they say that Xerxes would never have shot arrows against the sun, or have put fetters on the sea, as both sun and sea have been handed down by the Magi as gods, but that it was quite consistent for Xerxes to destroy the images of the gods.

The following is the account that authors give of the philosophy of the Egyptians, as bearing on the gods and on justice. They say that the first principle is matter; then that the four elements were formed out of matter and divided, and that some animals were created, and that the sun and moon are gods, of whom the former is called Osiris and the latter Isis, and they are symbolised under the names of beetles and dragons, and hawks, and other animals, as Manetho tells us in his abridged account of Natural Philosophy, and Hecatæus confirms the statement in the first book of his History of the Philosophy of the Egyptians. They also make images of the gods, and assign them temples because they do not know the form of God. They consider that the world had a beginning and will have an end, and that it is a sphere; they think that the stars are fire, and that it is by a combination of them that the things on earth are generated; that the moon is eclipsed when it falls into the shadow of the earth; that the soul is eternal and migratory; that rain is caused by the changes of the atmosphere; and they enter into other speculations on points of natural history, as Hecatæus and Aristagoras inform us.

They also have made laws about justice, which they attribute to Mercury, and they consider those animals which are useful to be gods. They claim to themselves the merit of having been the inventors of geometry, and astrology, and arithmetic. So much then for the subject of invention.

Charles Duke Yonge · The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (1853; G. Bell and Sons stereotype reprint, 1915)
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These are source citations recorded for this reading or its linked historical source unit. They do not describe the complete manuscript transmission. A supporting record may include a longer passage or a different editorial text.

Original-text edition
Original text from the linked source, with the quotation boundaries recorded in the notes
Open the historical edition ↗

Notes & source

The opening refers to Theopompus in the preceding sentence. Translation wording is retained, including its historical choices for the cosmological vocabulary. DK source labels and modern editorial citations are kept in the dossier rather than represented as ancient words

Original text from the linked source, with the quotation boundaries recorded in the notes View original source ↗

English: Charles Duke Yonge · The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (1853; G. Bell and Sons stereotype reprint, 1915) Published translation ↗

Additional original-language witness

DIOG. I 9-11 ὃς [Theopomp. fr. 71 FHG I 289 ] καὶ ἀναβιώσεσθαι κατὰ τοὺς Μάγους φησὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ ἀθανάτους ἔσεσθαι, καὶ τὰ ὄντα ταῖς αὑτῶν περικυκλήσεσι διαμενεῖν. ταῦτα δὲ καὶ Εὔδημος ὁ Ῥόδιος [fr. 51 Sp. ] ἱστορεῖ. Ἑκαταῖος δὲ καὶ γενητοὺς τοὺς θεοὺς εἶναι κατ’ αὐτούς. Κλέαρχος δὲ ὁ Σολεὺς ἐν τῷ Περὶ παιδείας [fr. 28 FHG II 313 ] καὶ τοὺς Γυμνοσοφιστὰς ἀπογόνους εἶναι τῶν Μάγων φησίν· ἔνιοι δὲ καὶ τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ἐκ τούτων εἶναι. πρὸς τούτοις καταγινώσκουσιν Ἡροδότου οἱ τὰ περὶ Μάγων γράψαντες· μὴ γὰρ ἂν ἐς τὸν ἥλιον βέλη Ξέρξην ἀκοντίσαι, μηδ’ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν πέδας καθεῖναι, θεοὺς ὑπὸ τῶν Μάγων παραδεδομένους. τὰ μέντοι ἀγάλματα εἰκότως καθαιρεῖν. τὴν δὲ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων φιλοσοφίαν εἶναι τοιαύτην περί τε θεῶν καὶ ὑπὲρ δικαιοσύνης. φάσκειν τε ἀρχὴν μὲν εἶναι τὴν ὕλην, εἶτα τὰ τέσσαρα στοιχεῖα ἐξ αὐτῆς διακριθῆναι, καὶ ζῷα παντοῖα ἀποτελεσθῆναι. θεοὺς δ’ εἶναι ἥλιον καὶ σελήνην, τὸν μὲν Ὄσιριν, τὴν δ’ Ἶσιν καλουμένην· αἰνίττεσθαί τε αὐτοὺς διά τε κανθάρου καὶ δράκοντος καὶ ἱέρακος καὶ ἄλλων, ὥς φησι Μανέθως ἐν τῇ τῶν Φυσικῶν ἐπιτομῇ καὶ Ἑ. ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ Περὶ τῆς Αἰγυπτίων φιλοσοφίας. κατασκευάζειν δὲ 〈καὶ〉 ἀγάλματα καὶ τεμένη τῷ μὴ εἰδέναι τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ μορφήν. τὸν κόσμον γενητὸν καὶ φθαρτὸν καὶ σφαιροειδῆ· τοὺς ἀστέρας πῦρ εἶναι, καὶ τῇ τούτων κράσει τὰ ἐπὶ γῆς γίγνεσθαι· σελήνην ἐκλείπειν εἰς τὸ σκίασμα τῆς γῆς ἐμπίπτουσαν· τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ ἐπιδιαμένειν καὶ μετεμβαίνειν· ὑετοὺς κατὰ ἀέρος τροπὴν ἀποτελεῖσθαι· τά τε ἄλλα φυσιολογεῖν, ὡς Ἑκαταῖός τε καὶ Ἀρισταγόρας ἱστοροῦσιν. ἔθεσαν δὲ καὶ νόμους ὑπὲρ δικαιοσύνης, οὓς εἰς Ἑρμῆν ἀνήνεγκαν· καὶ τὰ εὔχρηστα τῶν ζώιων θεοὺς ἐδόξασαν. λέγουσι δὲ καὶ ὡς αὐτοὶ γεωμετρίαν τε καὶ ἀστρολογίαν καὶ ἀριθμητικὴν ἀνεῦρον. καὶ τὰ μὲν περὶ τῆς εὑρέσεως ὧδε ἔχει.

Witness source ↗

English translation: Public domain: historical translation first published before 1931; Charles Duke Yonge died in 1891.

Available translations & credits
  • English · Charles Duke Yonge. The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (1853; G. Bell and Sons stereotype reprint, 1915). Default reading. Published translation ↗ Paired original ↗

    Translation: Public domain: historical translation first published before 1931; Charles Duke Yonge died in 1891.

  • Italian · Luigi Lechi. Diogene Laerzio, Vite dei filosofi, volgarizzate dal conte Luigi Lechi (Milano: Tipografia Molina, vol. I, 1842; vol. II, 1845). Published translation ↗ Paired original ↗

    Translation: Public-domain historical translation (Luigi Lechi, 1786–1867; published 1842–1845). Wikisource transcription attributed and reused under CC BY-SA 3.0. · Licence terms ↗

  • Spanish · José Ortiz y Sanz. Los diez libros de Diógenes Laercio, tomo I (Madrid: Imprenta Real, 1792), Proemio VI–VII; Diogenes I.9–11. Published translation ↗ Paired original ↗

    Translation: Public domain

Available translations: French

τοὺς δ’ οὖν κατ’ Αἴγυπτον ἀνθρώπους τὸ παλαιὸν γενομένους ἀναβλέψαντας εἰς τὸν κόσμον καὶ τὴν τῶν ὅλων φύσιν καταπλαγέντας τε καὶ θαυμάσαντας, ὑπολαβεῖν εἶναι δύο θεοὺς ἀιδίους τε καὶ πρώτους, τόν τε ἥλιον καὶ τὴν σελήνην, ὧν τὸν μὲν Ὄσιριν τὴν δὲ Ἶσιν ὀνομάσαι . . .

(5) τούτους δὲ τοὺς θεοὺς ὑφίστανται τὸν σύμπαντα κόσμον διοικεῖν τρέφοντάς τε καὶ αὔξοντας πάντα τριμερέσιν ὥραις ἀοράτῳ κινήσει τὴν περίοδον ἀπαρτιζούσαις, τῇ τε ἐαρινῇ καὶ θερινῇ καὶ χειμερινῇ· ταύτας δ’ ἐναντιωτάτην ἀλλήλαις τὴν φύσιν ἐχούσας ἀπαρτίζειν τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἀρίστῃ συμφωνίαι· φύσιν δὲ συμβάλλεσθαι πλείστην εἰς τὴν τῶν ἁπάντων ζωογονίαν τῶν θεῶν τούτων τὸν μὲν πυρώδους καὶ πνεύματος τὴν δὲ ὑγροῦ καὶ ξηροῦ, κοινῇ δ’ ἀμφοτέρους ἀέρος· καὶ διὰ τούτων πάντα γεννᾶσθαι καὶ τρέφεσθαι.

(6) διὸ καὶ τὸ μὲν ἅπαν σῶμα τῆς τῶν ὅλων φύσεως ἐξ ἡλίου καὶ σελήνης ἀπαρτίζεσθαι, τὰ δὲ τούτων μέρη πέντε τὰ προειρημένα, τό τε πνεῦμα καὶ τὸ πῦρ καὶ τὸ ξηρόν, ἔτι δὲ τὸ ὑγρὸν καὶ τὸ τελευταῖον τὸ ἀερῶδες, ὥσπερ ἐπ’ ἀνθρώπου κεφαλὴν καὶ χεῖρας καὶ πόδας καὶ τἆλλα μέρη καταριθμοῦμεν, τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον τὸ σῶμα τοῦ κόσμου συγκεῖσθαι πᾶν ἐκ τῶν προειρημένων. c. 12, 1 τούτων δ’ ἕκαστον θεὸν νομίσαι καὶ προσηγορίαν ἰδίαν ἑκάστῳ θεῖναι κατὰ τὸ οἰκεῖον τοὺς πρώτους διαλέκτῳ χρησαμένους διηρθρωμένῃ τῶν κατ’ Αἴγυπτον ἀνθρώπων.

(2) τὸ μὲν οὖν πνεῦμα Δία προσαγορεῦσαι . . .

(3) τὸ δὲ πῦρ μεθερμηνευόμενον Ἥφαιστον ὀνομάσαι νομίσαντας μέγαν εἶναι θεὸν καὶ πολλὰ συμβάλλεσθαι πᾶσιν εἰς γένεσίν τε καὶ τελείαν αὔξησιν.

(4) τὴν δὲ γῆν ὥσπερ ἀγγεῖόν τι τῶν φυομένων ὑπολαμβάνοντας μητέρα προσαγορεῦσαι . . .

(5) τὸ δ’ ὑγρὸν ὀνομάσαι λέγουσι τοὺς παλαιοὺς Ὠκεάνην, ὃ μεθερμηνευόμενον μὲν εἶναι τροφὴν μητέρα . . .

(7) τὸν δ’ ἀέρα προσαγορεῦσαί φασιν Ἀθηνᾶν μεθερμηνευομένης τῆς λέξεως . .

(9) φασὶ δὲ τοὺς πέντε θεοὺς τοὺς προειρημένους πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐπιπορεύεσθαι φανταζομένους τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐν ἱερῶν ζώιων μορφαῖς, ἔστι δ’ ὅτε εἰς ἀνθρώπων ἰδέας ἤ τινων ἄλλων μεταβάλλοντας . . . c. 13, 1 ἄλλους δὲ ἐκ τούτων ἐπιγείους γενέσθαι φασίν, ὑπάρξαντας μὲν θνητούς, διὰ δὲ σύνεσιν καὶ κοινὴν ἀνθρώπων εὐεργεσίαν τετευχότας τῆς ἀθανασίας, ὧν ἐνίους καὶ βασιλεῖς γεγονέναι κατὰ τὴν Αἴγυπτον.

(2) μεθερμηνευομένων δ’ αὐτῶν τινὰς μὲν ὁμωνύμους ὑπάρχειν τοῖς οὐρανίοις, τινὰς δ’ ἰδίαν ἐσχηκέναι προσηγορίαν Ἥλιόν τε καὶ Κρόνον καὶ Ῥέαν ἔτι δὲ Δία τὸν ὑπό τινων Ἄμμωνα προσαγορευόμενον, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις Ἥραν καὶ Ἥφαιστον, ἔτι δ’ Ἑστίαν καὶ τελευταῖον Ἑρμῆν. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν Ἥλιον βασιλεῦσαι τῶν κατ’ Αἴγυπτον ὁμώνυμον ὄντα τῷ κατ’ οὐρανὸν ἄστρῳ.

(3) ἔνιοι δὲ τῶν ἱερέων φασὶ πρῶτον Ἥφαιστον βασιλεῦσαι πυρὸς εὑρετὴν γενόμενον . . .

(4) μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τὸν Κρόνον ἄρξαι καὶ γήμαντα τὴν ἀδελφὴν Ῥέαν γεννῆσαι κατὰ μέν τινας τῶν μυθολόγων Ὄσιριν καὶ Ἶσιν, κατὰ δὲ τοὺς πλείστους Δία τε καὶ Ἥραν, οὓς δι’ ἀρετὴν βασιλεῦσαι τοῦ σύμπαντος κόσμου κτλ.

Les hommes, dont l’Égypte est le berceau, contemplant l’univers et admirant son ordre et sa beauté, furent saisis de vénération à l’aspect du soleil et de la lune. Ils regardèrent ces deux astres comme deux divinités principales et éternelles ; ils nommèrent l’un Osiris et l’autre Isis […]
Ce sont là les dieux qui, selon eux, gouvernent l’univers, et qui nourrissent et développent tous les êtres dans une période de trois saisons, le printemps, l’été et l’hiver, saisons dont le retour constant forme l’ordre régulier des années. Ces deux divinités contribuent beaucoup à la génération de tous les êtres : Osiris, par le feu et l’esprit ; Isis, par l’eau et la terre ; et tous deux, par l’air. Ainsi tout est compris sous l’influence du soleil et de la lune. Les cinq éléments que nous venons de nommer constituent le monde, comme la tête, les mains, les pieds et les autres parties du corps composent l’homme.
Les Égyptiens ont divinisé chaque élément, et leur ont assigné primitivement des noms particuliers à leur langue. Ils ont donné à l’esprit le nom de Jupiter […]
Ils ont nommé le feu Vulcain, dieu du premier ordre, et qui passe pour contribuer beaucoup à la production et à la perfection des choses. La terre, étant comme le sein qui reçoit les germes de la vie, ils lui donnent le nom de Mère. […] L’eau fut appelée Océan, ce qui veut dire Mère nourrice. […] Enfin, l’air était appelé Minerve […]
Ils disent que ces cinq divinités parcourent le monde, apparaissant aux hommes tantôt sous la forme d’animaux sacrés, tantôt sous la figure humaine ou sous quelque autre forme […]
Les dieux ont eu des enfants terrestres. Ceux-ci, quoique nés mortels, ont, par leur sagesse ou par le bien qu’ils ont fait aux hommes, obtenu l’immortalité ; quelques-uns ont été rois dans l’Égypte. De ces rois, les uns ont eu des noms communs avec les dieux, et les autres ont eu des noms particuliers. C’est ainsi qu’on cite Hélios, Saturne, Rhéa, Jupiter (que quelques-uns appellent Ammon), Junon, Vulcain, Vesta et Hermès. Hélios, dont le nom signifie soleil, a régné le premier en Égypte. Quelques prêtres nomment comme premier roi Vulcain, inventeur du feu […]
Après Vulcain, régna Saturne qui épousa sa sœur Rhéa, et en eut, selon quelques mythologistes, Osiris et Isis, ou, selon la plupart, Jupiter et Junon, qui par leurs vertus parvinrent à l’empire du monde entier.

French · Ferdinand Hoefer (1811–1878) · Diodore de Sicile, Bibliothèque historique, traduction Ferdinand Hoefer, Charpentier, 1846, tome I, pp. 12–15
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These are source citations recorded for this reading or its linked historical source unit. They do not describe the complete manuscript transmission. A supporting record may include a longer passage or a different editorial text.

Original-text edition
Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker (1922). Digital text: Open Greek and Latin, First1KGreek
Open the historical edition ↗

Notes & source

The witness includes quotation context. References within the original source text retain Diels’s 1922 numbering unless otherwise identified

The edition’s ellipses mark omissions. The witness distinguishes pneuma from aēr. Its interpretations of the Greek god-names are reported by Diodorus; they are not modern Egyptian etymologies

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker (1922). Digital text: Open Greek and Latin, First1KGreek View original source ↗

Additional original-language witness

DIODOR. I 11, 1 ff. τοὺς δ’ οὖν κατ’ Αἴγυπτον ἀνθρώπους τὸ παλαιὸν γενομένους ἀναβλέψαντας εἰς τὸν κόσμον καὶ τὴν τῶν ὅλων φύσιν καταπλαγέντας τε καὶ θαυμάσαντας, ὑπολαβεῖν εἶναι δύο θεοὺς ἀιδίους τε καὶ πρώτους, τόν τε ἥλιον καὶ τὴν σελήνην, ὧν τὸν μὲν Ὄσιριν τὴν δὲ Ἶσιν ὀνομάσαι . . . τούτους δὲ τοὺς θεοὺς ὑφίστανται τὸν σύμπαντα κόσμον διοικεῖν τρέφοντάς τε καὶ αὔξοντας πάντα τριμερέσιν ὥραις ἀοράτῳ κινήσει τὴν περίοδον ἀπαρτιζούσαις, τῇ τε ἐαρινῇ καὶ θερινῇ καὶ χειμερινῇ· ταύτας δ’ ἐναντιωτάτην ἀλλήλαις τὴν φύσιν ἐχούσας ἀπαρτίζειν τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἀρίστῃ συμφωνίαι· φύσιν δὲ συμβάλλεσθαι πλείστην εἰς τὴν τῶν ἁπάντων ζωογονίαν τῶν θεῶν τούτων τὸν μὲν πυρώδους καὶ πνεύματος τὴν δὲ ὑγροῦ καὶ ξηροῦ, κοινῇ δ’ ἀμφοτέρους ἀέρος· καὶ διὰ τούτων πάντα γεννᾶσθαι καὶ τρέφεσθαι. διὸ καὶ τὸ μὲν ἅπαν σῶμα τῆς τῶν ὅλων φύσεως ἐξ ἡλίου καὶ σελήνης ἀπαρτίζεσθαι, τὰ δὲ τούτων μέρη πέντε τὰ προειρημένα, τό τε πνεῦμα καὶ τὸ πῦρ καὶ τὸ ξηρόν, ἔτι δὲ τὸ ὑγρὸν καὶ τὸ τελευταῖον τὸ ἀερῶδες, ὥσπερ ἐπ’ ἀνθρώπου κεφαλὴν καὶ χεῖρας καὶ πόδας καὶ τἆλλα μέρη καταριθμοῦμεν, τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον τὸ σῶμα τοῦ κόσμου συγκεῖσθαι πᾶν ἐκ τῶν προειρημένων. c. 12, 1 τούτων δ’ ἕκαστον θεὸν νομίσαι καὶ προσηγορίαν ἰδίαν ἑκάστῳ θεῖναι κατὰ τὸ οἰκεῖον τοὺς πρώτους διαλέκτῳ χρησαμένους διηρθρωμένῃ τῶν κατ’ Αἴγυπτον ἀνθρώπων. τὸ μὲν οὖν πνεῦμα Δία προσαγορεῦσαι . . . τὸ δὲ πῦρ μεθερμηνευόμενον Ἥφαιστον ὀνομάσαι νομίσαντας μέγαν εἶναι θεὸν καὶ πολλὰ συμβάλλεσθαι πᾶσιν εἰς γένεσίν τε καὶ τελείαν αὔξησιν. τὴν δὲ γῆν ὥσπερ ἀγγεῖόν τι τῶν φυομένων ὑπολαμβάνοντας μητέρα προσαγορεῦσαι . . . τὸ δ’ ὑγρὸν ὀνομάσαι λέγουσι τοὺς παλαιοὺς Ὠκεάνην, ὃ μεθερμηνευόμενον μὲν εἶναι τροφὴν μητέρα . . . τὸν δ’ ἀέρα προσαγορεῦσαί φασιν Ἀθηνᾶν μεθερμηνευομένης τῆς λέξεως . . φασὶ δὲ τοὺς πέντε θεοὺς τοὺς προειρημένους πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐπιπορεύεσθαι φανταζομένους τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐν ἱερῶν ζώιων μορφαῖς, ἔστι δ’ ὅτε εἰς ἀνθρώπων ἰδέας ἤ τινων ἄλλων μεταβάλλοντας . . . c. 13, 1 ἄλλους δὲ ἐκ τούτων ἐπιγείους γενέσθαι φασίν, ὑπάρξαντας μὲν θνητούς, διὰ δὲ σύνεσιν καὶ κοινὴν ἀνθρώπων εὐεργεσίαν τετευχότας τῆς ἀθανασίας, ὧν ἐνίους καὶ βασιλεῖς γεγονέναι κατὰ τὴν Αἴγυπτον. μεθερμηνευομένων δ’ αὐτῶν τινὰς μὲν ὁμωνύμους ὑπάρχειν τοῖς οὐρανίοις, τινὰς δ’ ἰδίαν ἐσχηκέναι προσηγορίαν Ἥλιόν τε καὶ Κρόνον καὶ Ῥέαν ἔτι δὲ Δία τὸν ὑπό τινων Ἄμμωνα προσαγορευόμενον, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις Ἥραν καὶ Ἥφαιστον, ἔτι δ’ Ἑστίαν καὶ τελευταῖον Ἑρμῆν. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν Ἥλιον βασιλεῦσαι τῶν κατ’ Αἴγυπτον ὁμώνυμον ὄντα τῷ κατ’ οὐρανὸν ἄστρῳ. ἔνιοι δὲ τῶν ἱερέων φασὶ πρῶτον Ἥφαιστον βασιλεῦσαι πυρὸς εὑρετὴν γενόμενον . . . μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τὸν Κρόνον ἄρξαι καὶ γήμαντα τὴν ἀδελφὴν Ῥέαν γεννῆσαι κατὰ μέν τινας τῶν μυθολόγων Ὄσιριν καὶ Ἶσιν, κατὰ δὲ τοὺς πλείστους Δία τε καὶ Ἥραν, οὓς δι’ ἀρετὴν βασιλεῦσαι τοῦ σύμπαντος κόσμου κτλ. Die Theologumena gehen bis c. 27 (außer 15, 6-8. 17-20, 6). Es folgt Geographisches 30-41 (mit Fremdem), Königsgeschichte 43-68, Philosophie (πολιτεία) 69-98.

Witness source ↗

Diodorus 1.11–13, exactly the separated clauses printed in DK. Bracketed ellipses follow DK’s omissions of intervening Diodoran text; all its quoted clauses are represented in Hoefer’s published French. Verified against printed scan pages 12–15, PDF pages 47–50. Hoefer is interpretive and sometimes compresses the Greek (including the invisible movement of seasons and the elements); no wording has been silently corrected. Hecataeus is a proposed source, not an explicit speaker in Diodorus

French · Ferdinand Hoefer (1811–1878) · Diodore de Sicile, Bibliothèque historique, traduction Ferdinand Hoefer, Charpentier, 1846, tome I, pp. 12–15 Published translation ↗

Public domain

Available translations & credits
  • French · Ferdinand Hoefer (1811–1878). Diodore de Sicile, Bibliothèque historique, traduction Ferdinand Hoefer, Charpentier, 1846, tome I, pp. 12–15. Default reading. Published translation ↗ Paired original ↗

    Translation: Public domain

Available translations: English

τῶν πολλῶν νομιζόντων ἴδιον παρ’ Αἰγυπτίοις ὄνομα τοῦ Διὸς εἶναι τὸν Ἀμοῦν . . . Ἑ. δ’ ὁ Ἀβδηρίτης φησὶ τούτῳ καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους τῷ ῥήματι χρῆσθαι τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους, ὅταν τινὰ προσκαλῶνται· προσκλητικὴν γὰρ εἶναι τὴν φωνήν. διὸ τὸν πρῶτον θεόν, 〈ὃν〉 τῷ παντὶ τὸν αὐτὸν νομίζουσιν, ὡς ἀφανῆ καὶ κεκρυμμένον ὄντα προσκαλούμενοι καὶ παρακαλοῦντες ἐμφανῆ γενέσθαι καὶ δῆλον αὐτοῖς, Ἀμοῦν λέγουσιν.

we find the greater part to be of opinion that the proper name of Jupiter in the Egyptian tongue is Amun … Hecataeus of Abdera saith, the Egyptians use this word when they call anybody; for that it is a term of calling. Therefore they must be of the opinion that the first God is the same with the universe; and therefore, while they invoke him who is unmanifest and hidden, and pray him to make himself manifest and known to them, they cry Amun.

William Baxter; revised by W. W. Goodwin · Plutarch’s Essays and Miscellanies, vol. 4 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1911)
How this fragment survives

These are source citations recorded for this reading or its linked historical source unit. They do not describe the complete manuscript transmission. A supporting record may include a longer passage or a different editorial text.

Original-text edition
Original text from the linked source, with the quotation boundaries recorded in the notes
Open the historical edition ↗

Notes & source

Exact excerpt from the published human translation; Greek limited to the matching passage. The expanded original witness dossier remains preserved separately

The intervening Manetho sentence and parenthesis are omitted using an ellipsis, matching Diels’s Greek excerpt

Published passage: Of Isis and Osiris 9 (354C–D)

Original text from the linked source, with the quotation boundaries recorded in the notes View original source ↗

English: William Baxter; revised by W. W. Goodwin · Plutarch’s Essays and Miscellanies, vol. 4 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1911) Published translation ↗

Additional original-language witness

PLUT. de Is. et Os. 9 p. 354 CD τῶν πολλῶν νομιζόντων ἴδιον παρ’ Αἰγυπτίοις ὄνομα τοῦ Διὸς εἶναι τὸν Ἀμοῦν . . . Ἑ. δ’ ὁ Ἀβδηρίτης φησὶ τούτῳ καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους τῷ ῥήματι χρῆσθαι τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους, ὅταν τινὰ προσκαλῶνται· προσκλητικὴν γὰρ εἶναι τὴν φωνήν. διὸ τὸν πρῶτον θεόν, 〈ὃν〉 τῷ παντὶ τὸν αὐτὸν νομίζουσιν, ὡς ἀφανῆ καὶ κεκρυμμένον ὄντα προσκαλούμενοι καὶ παρακαλοῦντες ἐμφανῆ γενέσθαι καὶ δῆλον αὐτοῖς, Ἀμοῦν λέγουσιν.

Witness source ↗
Available translations & credits

Available translations: English

Ἡράκλειτος καὶ Ἑ. ἄναμμα νοερὸν τὸ ἐκ θαλάττης εἶναι τὸν ἥλιον.

H. and Hekataios. The sun is an intelligent burning mass rising out of the sea.

Arthur Fairbanks · The First Philosophers of Greece (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1898), p. 62, Aëtius II.20.16
How this fragment survives

A source citation has not yet been identified for this reading.

A source citation has not yet been identified for this reading in the reviewed records. The linked edition remains available below.

Original-text edition
Original text from the linked source, with the quotation boundaries recorded in the notes
Open the historical edition ↗

Notes & source

“H.” is Fairbanks’s abbreviation for Herakleitos, whose chapter contains the passage. “Hekataios” is his spelling for Hecataeus

The attribution is explicitly to Herakleitos and Hekataios in this edition. Goodwin’s corresponding Pseudo-Plutarch passage attributes the sentence to the Stoics, so it was not substituted

This is a doxographical report; it is not a claim of verbatim Hecataean authorship

Original text from the linked source, with the quotation boundaries recorded in the notes View original source ↗

English: Arthur Fairbanks · The First Philosophers of Greece (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1898), p. 62, Aëtius II.20.16 Published translation ↗

Additional original-language witness

AËT. II 20, 16 (D. 351) Ἡράκλειτος καὶ Ἑ. ἄναμμα νοερὸν τὸ ἐκ θαλάττης εἶναι τὸν ἥλιον.

Witness source ↗

English translation: Public domain (identified historical translation; edition and contributor evidence reviewed for Romania/EU and US)

Available translations & credits
  • English · Arthur Fairbanks. The First Philosophers of Greece (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1898), p. 62, Aëtius II.20.16. Default reading. Published translation ↗ Paired original ↗

    Translation: Public domain (identified historical translation; edition and contributor evidence reviewed for Romania/EU and US)

Available translations: French

διὸ καὶ πολλαῖς ὕστερον γενεαῖς βασιλεύοντα Τνέφαχθον τὸν Βοκχόριδος τοῦ σοφοῦ πατέρα λέγουσιν εἰς τὴν Ἀραβίαν στρατεύσαντα, τῶν ἐπιτηδείων αὐτὸν διά τε τὴν ἐρημίαν καὶ τὰς δυσχωρίας ἐκλιπόντων, ἀναγκασθῆναι μίαν ἡμέραν ἐνδεᾶ γενόμενον χρήσασθαι διαίτῃ παντελῶς εὐτελεῖ παρά τισι τῶν τυχόντων ἰδιωτῶν, ἡσθέντα δὲ καθ’ ὑπερβολὴν καταγνῶναι τῆς τρυφῆς καὶ τῷ καταδείξαντι τὴν πολυτέλειαν ἐξ ἀρχῆς βασιλεῖ καταρᾶσθαι· οὕτω δ’ ἐγκάρδιον αὐτῷ τὴν μεταβολὴν γενέσθαι τὴν περὶ τὴν βρῶσιν καὶ πόσιν καὶ κοίτην, ὥστε τὴν κατάραν ἀναγράψαι τοῖς ἱεροῖς γράμμασιν εἰς τὸν τοῦ Διὸς ναὸν ἐν Θήβαις.

On raconte que Tnephachthus, père de Bocchoris le Sage, qui régna plusieurs générations après, avait été obligé, pendant une expédition en Arabie, manquant de vivres dans le désert, de se contenter d’un régime très-simple chez des particuliers qu’il avait rencontrés, et que, s’en étant extrêmement réjoui, il avait renoncé au luxe et maudit le roi qui avait le premier enseigné une vie somptueuse ; enfin, qu’il prit tant à cœur ce changement de nourriture, de boisson et de repos, qu’il fit transcrire cette malédiction en lettres sacrées et déposer dans le temple de Jupiter à Thèbes.

French · Ferdinand Hoefer (1811–1878) · Diodore de Sicile, Bibliothèque historique, traduction Ferdinand Hoefer, Charpentier, 1846, tome I, pp. 53–54
How this fragment survives

These are source citations recorded for this reading or its linked historical source unit. They do not describe the complete manuscript transmission. A supporting record may include a longer passage or a different editorial text.

Original-text edition
Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker (1922). Digital text: Open Greek and Latin, First1KGreek
Open the historical edition ↗

Notes & source

The witness includes quotation context. References within the original source text retain Diels’s 1922 numbering unless otherwise identified

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker (1922). Digital text: Open Greek and Latin, First1KGreek View original source ↗

Additional original-language witness

DIOD. I 45, 2 (Menas führte den Luxus ein) διὸ καὶ πολλαῖς ὕστερον γενεαῖς βασιλεύοντα Τνέφαχθον [Τέχνακτις Plut. de Is. 8 , der wohl aus Hekat. dieselbe Gesch. erzählt) τὸν Βοκχόριδος τοῦ σοφοῦ πατέρα λέγουσιν εἰς τὴν Ἀραβίαν στρατεύσαντα, τῶν ἐπιτηδείων αὐτὸν διά τε τὴν ἐρημίαν καὶ τὰς δυσχωρίας ἐκλιπόντων, ἀναγκασθῆναι μίαν ἡμέραν ἐνδεᾶ γενόμενον χρήσασθαι διαίτῃ παντελῶς εὐτελεῖ παρά τισι τῶν τυχόντων ἰδιωτῶν, ἡσθέντα δὲ καθ’ ὑπερβολὴν καταγνῶναι τῆς τρυφῆς καὶ τῷ καταδείξαντι τὴν πολυτέλειαν ἐξ ἀρχῆς βασιλεῖ καταρᾶσθαι· οὕτω δ’ ἐγκάρδιον αὐτῷ τὴν μεταβολὴν γενέσθαι τὴν περὶ τὴν βρῶσιν καὶ πόσιν καὶ κοίτην, ὥστε τὴν κατάραν ἀναγράψαι τοῖς ἱεροῖς γράμμασιν εἰς τὸν τοῦ Διὸς ναὸν ἐν Θήβαις. Vgl. ATHEN. x p. 418 E.

Witness source ↗

Complete Diodorus 1.45.2 excerpt. Verified against printed scan pages 53–54, PDF pages 88–89. Hecataeus is a proposed source of this Diodoran passage; it is not explicitly introduced there as his verbatim speech. The modern DK comparison with Plutarch and Athenaeus is excluded from the paired text

French · Ferdinand Hoefer (1811–1878) · Diodore de Sicile, Bibliothèque historique, traduction Ferdinand Hoefer, Charpentier, 1846, tome I, pp. 53–54 Published translation ↗

Public domain

Available translations & credits
  • French · Ferdinand Hoefer (1811–1878). Diodore de Sicile, Bibliothèque historique, traduction Ferdinand Hoefer, Charpentier, 1846, tome I, pp. 53–54. Default reading. Published translation ↗ Paired original ↗

    Translation: Public domain

Available translations: English

οἶνον δ’ οἱ μὲν ἐν Ἡλίου πόλει θεραπεύοντες τὸν θεὸν οὐκ εἰσφέρουσι τὸ παράπαν εἰς τὸ ἱερόν, ὡς οὐ προσῆκον ἡμέρας πίνειν, τοῦ κυρίου καὶ βασιλέως ἐφορῶντος [nämlich Ἡλίου]· οἱ δ’ ἄλλοι χρῶνται μέν, ὀλίγῳ δέ. πολλὰς δ’ ἀοίνους ἁγνείας ἔχουσιν, ἐν αἷς φιλοσοφοῦντες καὶ μανθάνοντες καὶ διδάσκοντες τὰ θεῖα διατελοῦσιν. οἱ δὲ βασιλεῖς καὶ μετρητὸν ἔπινον ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν γραμμάτων, ὡς Ἑ. ἱστόρηκεν, ἱερεῖς ὄντες.

They also that at Heliopolis (Sun-town) wait upon the sun never bring wine into his temple, they looking upon it as a thing indecent and unfitting to drink by daylight, while their lord and king looks on. The rest of them do indeed use it, but very sparingly. They have likewise many purgations, wherein they prohibit the use of wine, in which they study philosophy, and pass their time in learning and teaching things divine. Moreover their kings, being priests also themselves, were wont to drink it by a certain measure prescribed them in the sacred books, as Hecataeus informs us. And they began first to drink it in the reign of Psammetichus; but before that time they were not used to drink wine at all, no, nor to pour it forth in sacrifice as a thing they thought any way grateful to the Gods, but as the blood of those who in ancient times waged war against the Gods, from whom, falling down from heaven and mixing with the earth, they conceived vines to have first sprung; which is the reason (say they) that drunkenness renders men besides themselves and mad; they being, as it were, gorged with the blood of their ancestors. These things (as Eudoxus tells us in the second book of his Travels) are thus related by the priests.

William Baxter; revised by W. W. Goodwin · Plutarch’s Essays and Miscellanies, vol. 4 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1911)
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  • Plutarch
    Citation in the source record

    PLUT. de Is. 6 p. 353 AB

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    The source author is explicit; the work’s abbreviation has not yet been expanded.

    Citation in a linked historical source record.

These are source citations recorded for this reading or its linked historical source unit. They do not describe the complete manuscript transmission. A supporting record may include a longer passage or a different editorial text.

Original-text edition
Original text from the linked source, with the quotation boundaries recorded in the notes
Open the historical edition ↗

Notes & source

Exact excerpt from the published human translation; Greek limited to the matching passage. The expanded original witness dossier remains preserved separately

Published passage: Of Isis and Osiris 6 (353A–B)

Original text from the linked source, with the quotation boundaries recorded in the notes View original source ↗

English: William Baxter; revised by W. W. Goodwin · Plutarch’s Essays and Miscellanies, vol. 4 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1911) Published translation ↗

Additional original-language witness

PLUT. de Is. 6 p. 353 AB οἶνον δ’ οἱ μὲν ἐν Ἡλίου πόλει θεραπεύοντες τὸν θεὸν οὐκ εἰσφέρουσι τὸ παράπαν εἰς τὸ ἱερόν, ὡς οὐ προσῆκον ἡμέρας πίνειν, τοῦ κυρίου καὶ βασιλέως ἐφορῶντος [nämlich Ἡλίου]· οἱ δ’ ἄλλοι χρῶνται μέν, ὀλίγῳ δέ. πολλὰς δ’ ἀοίνους ἁγνείας ἔχουσιν, ἐν αἷς φιλοσοφοῦντες καὶ μανθάνοντες καὶ διδάσκοντες τὰ θεῖα διατελοῦσιν. οἱ δὲ βασιλεῖς καὶ μετρητὸν ἔπινον ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν γραμμάτων, ὡς Ἑ. ἱστόρηκεν, ἱερεῖς ὄντες. Vgl. DIOD. I 70, 11.

Witness source ↗
Available translations & credits

Available translations: French

οὐ μόνον δ’ οἱ κατ’ Αἴγυπτον ἱερεῖς ἐκ τῶν ἀναγραφῶν ἱστοροῦσιν , ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλοὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τῶν παραβαλόντων μὲν εἰς τὰς Θήβας ἐπὶ Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Λάγου, συνταξαμένων δὲ τὰς Αἰγυπτιακὰς ἱστορίας, ὧν ἐστι καὶ Ἑ., συμφωνοῦσι τοῖς ὑφ’ ἡμῶν εἰρημένοις.

Non-seulement les prêtres égyptiens qui puisent leurs renseignements dans leurs annales, mais encore beaucoup de Grecs qui, étant allés à Thèbes du temps de Ptolémée, fils de Lagus, ont écrit (entre autres Hécatée) sur l’histoire d’Égypte, s’accordent avec ce que nous avons dit.

French · Ferdinand Hoefer (1811–1878) · Diodore de Sicile, Bibliothèque historique, traduction Ferdinand Hoefer, Charpentier, 1846, tome I, p. 55
How this fragment survives

These are source citations recorded for this reading or its linked historical source unit. They do not describe the complete manuscript transmission. A supporting record may include a longer passage or a different editorial text.

Original-text edition
Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker (1922). Digital text: Open Greek and Latin, First1KGreek
Open the historical edition ↗

Notes & source

The witness includes quotation context. References within the original source text retain Diels’s 1922 numbering unless otherwise identified

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker (1922). Digital text: Open Greek and Latin, First1KGreek View original source ↗

Additional original-language witness

DIOD. I 46, 8 οὐ μόνον δ’ οἱ κατ’ Αἴγυπτον ἱερεῖς ἐκ τῶν ἀναγραφῶν ἱστοροῦσιν [über die theban. Dynastie], ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλοὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τῶν παραβαλόντων μὲν εἰς τὰς Θήβας ἐπὶ Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Λάγου, συνταξαμένων δὲ τὰς Αἰγυπτιακὰς ἱστορίας, ὧν ἐστι καὶ Ἑ., συμφωνοῦσι τοῖς ὑφ’ ἡμῶν εἰρημένοις. Vgl. c. 47-49.

Witness source ↗

Complete Diodorus 1.46.8 excerpt, verified against printed page 55, PDF page 90. This is Diodorus’s account of his sources; it is not a direct quotation spoken by Hecataeus. Hoefer’s printed note identifies Hecataeus of Abdera and distinguishes him from Hecataeus of Miletus

French · Ferdinand Hoefer (1811–1878) · Diodore de Sicile, Bibliothèque historique, traduction Ferdinand Hoefer, Charpentier, 1846, tome I, p. 55 Published translation ↗

Public domain

Available translations & credits
  • French · Ferdinand Hoefer (1811–1878). Diodore de Sicile, Bibliothèque historique, traduction Ferdinand Hoefer, Charpentier, 1846, tome I, p. 55. Default reading. Published translation ↗ Paired original ↗

    Translation: Public domain

Available translations: English

Ἑ. δὲ ὁ Ἀβδηρίτης ἀνὴρ φιλόσοφος ἅμα καὶ περὶ τὰς πράξεις ἱκανώτατος Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τῷ βασιλεῖ συνακμάσας καὶ Πτολεμαίῳ τῷ Λάγου συγγενόμενος οὐ παρέργως, ἀλλὰ περὶ αὐτῶν Ἰουδαίων συγγέγραφε βιβλίον.

But for Hecateus of Abdera, who was both a philosopher, and one very useful in an active life, he was contemporary with King Alexander in his youth; and afterward was with Ptolemy, the son of Lagus; he did not write about the Jewish affairs by the by only: but composed an intire book concerning the Jews themselves.

William Whiston · The Works of Flavius Josephus, translated by William Whiston (1737), Against Apion I.22 (183)
How this fragment survives

These are source citations recorded for this reading or its linked historical source unit. They do not describe the complete manuscript transmission. A supporting record may include a longer passage or a different editorial text.

Original-text edition
Original text from the linked source, with the quotation boundaries recorded in the notes
Open the historical edition ↗

Notes & source

Only Josephus, Against Apion I.183, the first quotation in the dossier. The excerpt ends at the exact ancient boundary “συγγέγραφε βιβλίον”. Whiston’s next sentence about selecting excerpts is outside that boundary

Historical spelling “intire” and punctuation follow the 1737 transcription. Gutenberg’s alternative transcription has “ill an active life”, an apparent transcription error; the University of Chicago text reads “in an active life”

Other Josephus and Clement references remain untranslated in this option; no claim is made that the whole composite entry is covered

Partial English translation: only the identified translated portions are paired here. The full original-language witness remains available below

Original text from the linked source, with the quotation boundaries recorded in the notes View original source ↗

English: William Whiston · The Works of Flavius Josephus, translated by William Whiston (1737), Against Apion I.22 (183) Published translation ↗

Additional original-language witness

IOSEPH. c. Ap. I 183 Ἑ. δὲ ὁ Ἀβδηρίτης ἀνὴρ φιλόσοφος ἅμα καὶ περὶ τὰς πράξεις ἱκανώτατος Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τῷ βασιλεῖ συνακμάσας καὶ Πτολεμαίῳ τῷ Λάγου συγγενόμενος οὐ παρέργως, ἀλλὰ περὶ αὐτῶν Ἰουδαίων συγγέγραφε βιβλίον. Folgen Excerpte 184-204; I 214 Ἑ. μὲν καὶ βιβλίον ἔγραψεν περὶ ἡμῶν; ebensolche II 43 ff. Antiq. Iud. XII 38 [hier aus Aristeas ep. 31]. Monographie oder Sondertitel eines Kapitels über Abraham Ant. I 158. 159 μνημονεύει δὲ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἀβράμου Bηρωσός . . . Ἑ. δὲ καὶ τοῦ μνησθῆναι πλεῖόν τι πεποίηκε· βιβλίον γὰρ περὶ αὐτοῦ συνταξάμενος κατέλιπε. Vgl. CLEM. Strom. v [II 402, 20 St.] ὁ μὲν Σοφοκλῆς, ὥς φησιν Ἑ. ὁ τὰς ἱστορίας συνταξάμενος ἐν τῷ κατ’ Ἄβραμον καὶ τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους,

Witness source ↗

English translation: Public domain (identified historical translation; edition and contributor evidence reviewed for Romania/EU and US)

Available translations & credits
  • English · William Whiston. The Works of Flavius Josephus, translated by William Whiston (1737), Against Apion I.22 (183). Default reading. Partial translation. Published translation ↗ Paired original ↗

    Translation: Public domain (identified historical translation; edition and contributor evidence reviewed for Romania/EU and US)

Available translations: English

καὶ Ἑκαταίου δὲ τοὺ ἱστορικοῦ φέρεται Περὶ Ἰουδαίων βιβλίον, ἐν ὧι προστίθεται μᾶλλόν πως ὡς σοφῷ τῷ ἔθνει ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον, ὡς καὶ Ἑρέννιον Φίλωνα ἐν τῷ Περὶ Ἰουδαίων συγγράμματι πρῶτον μὲν ἀμφιβάλλειν, εἰ τοῦ ἱστορικοῦ ἐστι τὸ σύγγραμμα, δεύτερον δὲ λέγειν ὅτι, εἴπερ ἔστιν αὐτοῦ, εἰκὸς αὐτὸν συνηρπάσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις πιθανότητος καὶ συγκατατεθεῖσθαι αὐτῶν τῷ λόγῳ.

And there is extant a work by the historian Hecatæus, treating of the Jews, in which so high a character is bestowed upon that nation for its learning, that Herennius Philo, in his treatise on the Jews, has doubts in the first place, whether it is really the composition of the historian; and says, in the second place, that if really his, it is probable that he was carried away by the plausible nature of the Jewish history, and so yielded his assent to their system.

Frederick Crombie · Origen, Against Celsus I.15, in Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. IV (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885), pp. 402–403
How this fragment survives

These are source citations recorded for this reading or its linked historical source unit. They do not describe the complete manuscript transmission. A supporting record may include a longer passage or a different editorial text.

Original-text edition
Original text from the linked source, with the quotation boundaries recorded in the notes
Open the historical edition ↗

Notes & source

Complete Origen quotation. The scan/transcription page break splits “treating”; the word is rejoined. No modern wording is supplied

The German editorial explanation following the Greek is excluded from the translation and retained in the source dossier

Original text from the linked source, with the quotation boundaries recorded in the notes View original source ↗

English: Frederick Crombie · Origen, Against Celsus I.15, in Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. IV (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885), pp. 402–403 Published translation ↗

Additional original-language witness

ORIG. c. Cels. I 15 καὶ Ἑκαταίου δὲ τοὺ ἱστορικοῦ φέρεται Περὶ Ἰουδαίων βιβλίον, ἐν ὧι προστίθεται μᾶλλόν πως ὡς σοφῷ τῷ ἔθνει ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον, ὡς καὶ Ἑρέννιον Φίλωνα ἐν τῷ Περὶ Ἰουδαίων συγγράμματι πρῶτον μὲν ἀμφιβάλλειν, εἰ τοῦ ἱστορικοῦ ἐστι τὸ σύγγραμμα, δεύτερον δὲ λέγειν ὅτι, εἴπερ ἔστιν αὐτοῦ, εἰκὸς αὐτὸν συνηρπάσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις πιθανότητος καὶ συγκατατεθεῖσθαι αὐτῶν τῷ λόγῳ. Den Anla zu den Fälschungen gab die Erwähnung der Juden in d. Αἰγυπτιακά; vgl. B 13.

Witness source ↗

English translation: Public domain (identified historical translation; edition and contributor evidence reviewed for Romania/EU and US)

Available translations & credits
  • English · Frederick Crombie. Origen, Against Celsus I.15, in Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. IV (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885), pp. 402–403. Default reading. Published translation ↗ Paired original ↗

    Translation: Public domain (identified historical translation; edition and contributor evidence reviewed for Romania/EU and US)

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