Protagoras

Jowett’s published wording of Plato’s direct quotation is paired with Plato’s Greek formulation. The fuller Sextus and Plato discussion in DK is not reproduced with this reading. This uses the dialogue text, not Jowett’s introductory analysis

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Plato Theaetetus 152a: Diels prints ἔστι in the affirmative clause and ἔστιν in the negative clause; final nu restored only in the latter.

The supplementary Eulogikon compilation is not reproduced here because its complete text has not been checked against the cited historical edition. Later cross-references, editorial apparatus and Antiphon reconstructions have not been treated as part of Diels’s historical text. The paired ancient text has been checked separately.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 1, pp. 228, 229 View original source ↗

English: Benjamin Jowett · The Dialogues of Plato, translated by Benjamin Jowett (historical nineteenth-century text; Project Gutenberg transcription) Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain: historical translation first published before 1931; Benjamin Jowett died in 1893.

Prosenes, in the discussion reported by Porphyry and quoted by Eusebius, reports reading Protagoras; the lost argument itself is not transmitted in this extract. Eusebius’s following sentence is separated as its own paragraph

Gifford’s historical translation as transcribed by ToposText (X.3.12–13 in that site’s section numbering). Its corrected “what” is used; the parallel Tertullian.org transcription has the OCR error “wlfat”. The original editorial title and source references are not reproduced with this reading

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Porphyry via Eusebius Praeparatio evangelica X 3.25. Final sigma in the historical supplement 〈κλοπάς〉 corrected; both quoted portions verified.

The supplementary Eulogikon compilation is not reproduced here because its complete text has not been checked against the cited historical edition. Later cross-references, editorial apparatus and Antiphon reconstructions have not been treated as part of Diels’s historical text. The paired ancient text has been checked separately.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 2, p. 229 View original source ↗

English: E. H. Gifford · Eusebius, Preparation for the Gospel (1903), X.3.25; Eusebius’s following comment included Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

The two Protagoras quotations from Anecdota Parisina I 171.31 are joined by a semicolon; the surrounding carrier text is omitted, as in the displayed translation.

The supplementary Eulogikon compilation is not reproduced here because its complete text has not been checked against the cited historical edition. Later cross-references, editorial apparatus and Antiphon reconstructions have not been treated as part of Diels’s historical text. The paired ancient text has been checked separately.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 3, p. 229 View original source ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

The two quoted sayings are explicitly identified as Protagoras fragment 3 in Gomperz’s footnote 177. The surrounding biographical argument is not reproduced with this reading

German · Heinrich Gomperz · Sophistik und Rhetorik (Leipzig and Berlin: B. G. Teubner, 1912) Published translation ↗

Public domain: Heinrich Gomperz (1873–1942), translation published in 1912; expired under life-plus-70 and US publication terms.

Yonge follows the shorter Diogenes wording. The additional Eusebius clause about the gods’ form is not included in this English pairing; the assembled DK dossier is not reproduced with this reading. Greek transcription checked against the retained Diogenes XML, excluding its editorial note supplying the Eusebius clause

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Uses the Diogenes Laertius IX 51 form documented in Diels’s text and apparatus. The clause οὔθ’ ὁποῖοί τινες ἰδέαν is absent from Diogenes (explicitly recorded in Diels’s p. 230 note) and is therefore not inserted into the paired passage.

The supplementary Eulogikon compilation is not reproduced here because its complete text has not been checked against the cited historical edition. Later cross-references, editorial apparatus and Antiphon reconstructions have not been treated as part of Diels’s historical text. The paired ancient text has been checked separately.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 4, pp. 229, 230 View original source ↗

English: Charles Duke Yonge · The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (1853; G. Bell and Sons stereotype reprint, 1915) Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain: historical translation first published before 1931; Charles Duke Yonge died in 1891.

Both ancient testimonia are translated. The second begins mid-sentence as in the DK excerpt; the ellipsis marks the omitted Plato works-list context. The Greek editorial bibliography is excluded from the pairing

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Diogenes Laertius III 37 and, where present, III 57. Greek wording checked against p. 230. Modern fragment-number annotations removed, including Scheidweiler; the ancient text and translation are unchanged in substance.

The supplementary Eulogikon compilation is not reproduced here because its complete text has not been checked against the cited historical edition. Later cross-references, editorial apparatus and Antiphon reconstructions have not been treated as part of Diels’s historical text. The paired ancient text has been checked separately.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 5, p. 230 View original source ↗

English: Charles Duke Yonge · The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (1853; G. Bell and Sons stereotype reprint, 1915) Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain: historical translation first published before 1931; Charles Duke Yonge died in 1891.

Three quotations, kept as three separate paragraphs in DK order. The first is Jones in Watson’s 1860 edition; the next two are Butler 1920

The first and second excerpts are clauses within longer sentences; text outside the DK quotations is excluded. The initial “but” and the second excerpt’s lack of terminal punctuation are retained

The surviving witnesses here are Latin, as in the DK dossier

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Latin, not Greek: Cicero Brutus 12.46; Quintilian III 1.10 and III 1.12. All three passages verified against Diels p. 230.

The supplementary Eulogikon compilation is not reproduced here because its complete text has not been checked against the cited historical edition. Later cross-references, editorial apparatus and Antiphon reconstructions have not been treated as part of Diels’s historical text. The paired ancient text has been checked separately.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 6, p. 230 View original source ↗

English: E. Jones, revised/edited by J. S. Watson; H. E. Butler · Cicero on Oratory and Orators (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1860), Brutus 12.46, p. 274; Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, vol. I (1920), III.1.10 and III.1.12, p. 375 Published translation ↗

Source pages: 1 · 2 · 3

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain (identified historical translation; edition and contributor evidence reviewed for Romania/EU and US)

Greek from Diogenes IX.51, without surrounding biography or apparatus

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

The later B 6a quotation occurs in Diels 1922 as A 1, p. 219. Parenthetical author-identification removed from the ancient quotation; initial capitalization and terminal punctuation are display conventions.

The supplementary Eulogikon compilation is not reproduced here because its complete text has not been checked against the cited historical edition. Later cross-references, editorial apparatus and Antiphon reconstructions have not been treated as part of Diels’s historical text. The paired ancient text has been checked separately.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74, A 1, Diogenes Laertius IX 51, p. 219 View original source ↗

English: Charles Duke Yonge · The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (1853; G. Bell and Sons stereotype reprint, 1915) Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain: historical translation first published before 1931; Charles Duke Yonge died in 1891.

The quoted phrase is extracted verbatim from Roberts’s published translation. Greek spacing is normalized; the reference apparatus is not reproduced with this reading

Aristotle associates this phrase with the teaching of Protagoras in the following sentence. It is not a surviving continuous book by Protagoras

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

The later B 6b quotation occurs in Diels 1922 as A 21. Restores Aristotle’s connective δὲ as printed; this does not change the translated phrase.

The supplementary Eulogikon compilation is not reproduced here because its complete text has not been checked against the cited historical edition. Later cross-references, editorial apparatus and Antiphon reconstructions have not been treated as part of Diels’s historical text. The paired ancient text has been checked separately.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74, A 21, Aristotle Rhetoric II 24, 1402a 23, p. 225 View original source ↗

English: W. Rhys Roberts · Aristotle, Rhetoric (1924), II.24, 1402a23 Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain

The passage was transcribed from the printed pages, with line breaks and line-end hyphenation joined; marginal headings and footnote calls are omitted. The excerpt begins within the English sentence, hence its lower-case opening

M’Mahon numbers this Book II; the conventional reference is Metaphysics III (Beta), chapter 2. The passage ends after Aristotle’s reference to Protagoras and the geometricians, matching the complete quoted portion in this entry. The editorial heading and trailing source continuation marker are not reproduced with this reading

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Aristotle Metaphysics III 2, 997b 32. The expanded author name is returned to Diels’s printed Π.; wording otherwise matches.

The supplementary Eulogikon compilation is not reproduced here because its complete text has not been checked against the cited historical edition. Later cross-references, editorial apparatus and Antiphon reconstructions have not been treated as part of Diels’s historical text. The paired ancient text has been checked separately.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 7, pp. 230, 231 View original source ↗

English: John H. M’Mahon · The Metaphysics of Aristotle (1857), Book II, chapter II, pp. 62–63; conventional reference III.2, 997b32–998a4 Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain

The two excerpted stretches and intervening ellipsis follow the selection in DK

Published passage: Plato, Sophist232d–e,233a

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Plato Sophist 232d–e, 233a. Diels’s running Greek verified; omitted intervening text remains explicitly marked.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 8, p. 231 View original source ↗

English: Benjamin Jowett · The Dialogues of Plato, third edition (1892) Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain · Licence terms ↗

Exact title phrase excerpted from Yonge’s list; the introductory “one” refers to one book. No body text survives in this DK slot

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Ancient book title listed verbatim in Diels 1922 B 8a; also attested in Diogenes Laertius IX 55, Diels p. 220. This is a surviving title, not prose from the lost work.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 8a, p. 231 View original source ↗

English: Charles Duke Yonge · The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (1853; G. Bell and Sons stereotype reprint, 1915) Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain: historical translation first published before 1931; Charles Duke Yonge died in 1891.

Exact title phrase excerpted from Yonge’s list; the introductory “one” refers to one book. No body text survives in this DK slot

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Ancient book title listed verbatim in Diels 1922 B 8b; also attested in Diogenes Laertius IX 55, Diels p. 220. This is a surviving title, not prose from the lost work.

Corrected the transcription error ΑΡΧΑΙ to Diels’s ΑΡΧΗΙ.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 8b, p. 231 View original source ↗

English: Charles Duke Yonge · The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (1853; G. Bell and Sons stereotype reprint, 1915) Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain: historical translation first published before 1931; Charles Duke Yonge died in 1891.

Exact title phrase excerpted from Yonge’s list; the introductory “one” refers to one book. No body text survives in this DK slot

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Ancient book title listed verbatim in Diels 1922 B 8c; also attested in Diogenes Laertius IX 55, Diels p. 220. This is a surviving title, not prose from the lost work.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 8c, p. 231 View original source ↗

English: Charles Duke Yonge · The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (1853; G. Bell and Sons stereotype reprint, 1915) Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain: historical translation first published before 1931; Charles Duke Yonge died in 1891.

Exact title phrase excerpted from Yonge’s list; the introductory “one” refers to one book. No body text survives in this DK slot

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Ancient book title listed verbatim in Diels 1922 B 8d; also attested in Diogenes Laertius IX 55, Diels p. 220. This is a surviving title, not prose from the lost work.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 8d, p. 231 View original source ↗

English: Charles Duke Yonge · The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (1853; G. Bell and Sons stereotype reprint, 1915) Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain: historical translation first published before 1931; Charles Duke Yonge died in 1891.

Exact title phrase excerpted from Yonge’s list; the introductory “one” refers to one book. No body text survives in this DK slot

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Ancient book title listed verbatim in Diels 1922 B 8e; also attested in Diogenes Laertius IX 55, Diels p. 220. This is a surviving title, not prose from the lost work.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 8e, p. 231 View original source ↗

English: Charles Duke Yonge · The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (1853; G. Bell and Sons stereotype reprint, 1915) Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain: historical translation first published before 1931; Charles Duke Yonge died in 1891.

Exact title phrase excerpted from Yonge’s list; the introductory “one” refers to one book. No body text survives in this DK slot

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Ancient book title listed verbatim in Diels 1922 B 8f; also attested in Diogenes Laertius IX 55, Diels p. 220. This is a surviving title, not prose from the lost work.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 8f, p. 231 View original source ↗

English: Charles Duke Yonge · The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (1853; G. Bell and Sons stereotype reprint, 1915) Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain: historical translation first published before 1931; Charles Duke Yonge died in 1891.

Exact title phrase excerpted from Yonge’s list; the introductory “one” refers to one book. No body text survives in this DK slot

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Ancient book title listed verbatim in Diels 1922 B 8g; also attested in Diogenes Laertius IX 55, Diels p. 220. This is a surviving title, not prose from the lost work.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 8g, p. 231 View original source ↗

English: Charles Duke Yonge · The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (1853; G. Bell and Sons stereotype reprint, 1915) Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain: historical translation first published before 1931; Charles Duke Yonge died in 1891.

Exact title phrase excerpted from Yonge’s list; the introductory “one” refers to one book. No body text survives in this DK slot

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Ancient book title listed verbatim in Diels 1922 B 8h; also attested in Diogenes Laertius IX 55, Diels p. 220. This is a surviving title, not prose from the lost work.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 8h, p. 231 View original source ↗

English: Charles Duke Yonge · The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (1853; G. Bell and Sons stereotype reprint, 1915) Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain: historical translation first published before 1931; Charles Duke Yonge died in 1891.

The translated witness presents the passage in its original sequence; DK moves the Protagoras quotation after the surrounding report. All the selected source content is present

The digital source has the obvious typographical slip “this two sons”; corrected here to “his two sons”. No translation was composed or otherwise rewritten

Babbitt’s “within seven days of each other” expresses the interval between the deaths; the Greek counts eight days inclusively

Published passage: Pseudo-Plutarch, Consolation to Apollonius 33, 118e–f; Loeb Moralia II, pp.195–197

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Pseudo-Plutarch Consolatio ad Apollonium 33, 118e. Diels prints the quoted words separately after the framing witness; they are restored to the explicitly marked quotation position here, so the Greek follows the order of the existing English. Split final letters repaired. The Greek says eight days in inclusive counting; the existing English gives seven days between the deaths. No English wording changed.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 9, pp. 231, 232 View original source ↗

English: Frank Cole Babbitt · Plutarch, Moralia, volume II, Loeb Classical Library (1928) Published translation ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

English translation: Public domain · Licence terms ↗

Same ancient passage and substantive scope; historical wording/variant differences, if any, are explicitly recorded in notes.

Stobaeus III 29.80; the reported maxim matches the printed text.

The supplementary Eulogikon compilation is not reproduced here because its complete text has not been checked against the cited historical edition. Later cross-references, editorial apparatus and Antiphon reconstructions have not been treated as part of Diels’s historical text. The paired ancient text has been checked separately.

Hermann Diels, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 4th edition, vol. II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the third edition with addenda, chapter 74 (Protagoras), B 10, p. 232 View original source ↗

Original edition: Historical original edition: public domain under the recorded term review.

Gomperz explicitly cites Protagoras fragment 10 in footnote 178. His historical rendering of τέχνη is retained

German · Heinrich Gomperz · Sophistik und Rhetorik (Leipzig and Berlin: B. G. Teubner, 1912) Published translation ↗

Public domain: Heinrich Gomperz (1873–1942), translation published in 1912; expired under life-plus-70 and US publication terms.

Diels (1922), vol. II, p. 232, old chapter 74 B11. Pseudo-Plutarch, On Exercise 178.25, survives in Syriac. The displayed German intermediary is attributed to J. Gildemeister and F. Buecheler, Rheinisches Museum 27 (1872), p. 526. No Greek original is supplied

Ancient text from the individually cited witness; textual differences and transmission are documented below View original source ↗

Pseudo-Plutarch, On Exercise 178.25. German from Johann Gildemeister and Franz Bücheler, Rheinisches Museum 27 (1872), p.526, reprinted by Diels. No Greek survives; the Syriac is not transcribed here

German · Johann Gildemeister and Franz Bücheler · Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, fourth edition, vol.II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the individually identified nineteenth-century German translation Published translation ↗

Public domain: translation published in 1872; Johann Gildemeister died in 1890 and Franz Bücheler in 1908.

Diels (1922), vol. II, p. 232, old chapter 74 B12, classed as poorly attested. Victor Ryssel’s German translation is from Rheinisches Museum 51 (1896), p. 539, no. 32. The maxim number was checked against the printed page. No Greek survives and no Syriac text is transcribed here

Ancient text from the individually cited witness; textual differences and transmission are documented below View original source ↗

Victor Ryssel, Graeco-Syriac Sayings, Rheinisches Museum 51 (1896), p.539, no.32. The printed number 32 was visually confirmed; prior scan OCR 39 was wrong. Diels classifies this as poorly attested. No Greek is supplied

German · Victor Ryssel · Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, fourth edition, vol.II (Berlin: Weidmann, 1922), reprinting the individually identified nineteenth-century German translation Published translation ↗

Public domain: Victor Ryssel (1849–1905), translation published in 1896.